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  第十三讲:涉外文书常用词语的翻译(一)         ★★★
第十三讲:涉外文书常用词语的翻译(一)
[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:928    更新时间:2006-9-18    文章录入:admin

第十二讲:涉外文书常用词语的翻译

 

1.教学目的与要求

旨在让学生了解涉外文书常用词语用法的特点及其翻译方法和注意事项;要求学生对涉外文书的特点和翻译有个基本了解和认识,并且能够比较准确地翻译一般涉外文书。

 

2.教学内容 涉外文书——函电常用词语

3.教学重点 英汉语函电短语的习惯用法与翻译

4.教学方法:解析、讨论

5.主要教学材料:单句材料

6.教学参考书目刘季春编著《实用翻译教程》,1998,中山大学出版社。

翻译过程与步骤:

Part I: 涉外文书常用词语的翻译

在涉外文书中,有些词语的使用频率很高,因此了解其特点和含义,研究其翻译方法,对提高翻译对效率和译文对质量都有积极的意义。

1.1 Be interested in

be interested in”这一短语在日常英语中表示的是“对某事感兴趣”,但在外贸信件中,这一短语被广泛应用,并逐渐获得了一种新的含义。在不同的上下文中,很难用“对……感兴趣”这种一刀切的译法,否则,译文常常可能文理不通。请看下面的例子:

1)             We would be interested in receiving your inquiries for all types of Electric Goods.

译文:我们对收到你们对各种电器用品的询函感兴趣。

2)             Should you be interested in supplying, we would be more than pleased to enter into business activities with you.

       译文:如果你们对供货感兴趣,我们很愿意与你们建立业务关系。

3)             We are interested in your “Sea Gull” brand woman’s wrist watches and shall be glad if you should make us an offer for 1000peices with details.

译文:我们对你们的“海鸥”牌女装手表感兴趣,如果你们能给我们1000只这种表的详细报盘,不胜高兴。

以上三句译文,前两句摘自学生的练习,第三句摘于公开出版的书籍,可见都是“对号入座”。这些译文说也说得通,说不通也不通。说通,是说读后能基本明白其意思;说不通,是说译文表达不贴切,并且汉语也不是这样说话的。试分别改译如下:

1)我们欢迎贵公司来函询购各种类型的电器产品。

2)如贵公司有意供货,我们十分乐意与你们建立业务关系。

3)我们欲购你厂“海鸥”牌女装手表,请报1000只详盘。

从以上三个句子可以看出,“be interested in”不仅仅表示对某事的一种“兴趣”,而且还明确的表示做某事的“意向”。当然,我们并不是说不能将“be interested in”译成“对……感兴趣”,只是提醒读者,翻译时应根据不同的上下文,恰当措辞。

1.2 Appreciate

    “ appreciate”一词在外贸信件中广为应用,其基本意义为“感激”。它既可用于主动语态,也可用于被动语态,并且还有相对固定的格式,常用来表示一种委婉的请求。注意该词在不同语境的译法:

1)    We highly appreciate your effort in pushing the sale of our slippers.

承蒙大力推销我方拖鞋,不胜感激

2)    We would appreciate your sending us a catalogue of your Rubber Boots together with terms of payment and the largest discount you can allow.

    寄橡胶鞋目录一份,并注明付款条件及最大折扣。

3)    I would very much appreciate it if you could take our suggestion into consideration.

衷心希望你们考虑一下我们的建议。

4)    We shall appreciate it if you will forward the following to the above address at your earliest convenience.

将下列货品尽快寄至上述地址,谢谢。

We shall appreciate it if… 或 It would be appreciated if …… 是外贸信件中的常用格式,相当于please,但更为客气)

5)    Your inquiries for all types of electric goods would be appreciated.

欢迎来函询购各种类型的电器用品。

6)    Your favorable information will be appreciated.

谨候佳音/此致谢意,候复。

appreciate”一词在外贸英语中还有一个常用义是“增值、上涨”。例如:

7)    Houses in this area have all appreciated since the now road was built.

    自从新路建成,该区房价扶摇直上

8)    Because the company has been making large profits the marker value of its shares is appreciating.

该公司一直十分营利,其股票市值正趋上升

 

1.3 (Be)subject to

(be) subject to” 的基本含义是“以……为条件/前提”,可作状语和表语,尤其多见于合同和公文语言中,表示双方在某项业务中所承担的责任和义务。主句与“subject to”短语之间有时存在着一种转折关系。例如:

1)    The treaty is subject to ratification.

本条约未批准无效。 

2)    This contract is binding subject to the fulfillment of the following conditions.

本合同须满足下列条件方始生效。

3)    This credit is subject to the Uniform Custom and Practice for Commercial documentary Credit.

本信用证“跟单信用证统一惯例”为准。

4)    Our prices are subject to fluctuation of the market.

我方价格得随市价波动而调整。

5)    Foreign citizens in China are subject to Chinese laws.

中国境内的外国公民必须遵守中国法律。

6)    You’ll be transferred to the permanent staff subject to your satisfactory completion of the probationary period.

  只要圆满完成试用期,你即可转为正式员工。

7)    The contracted goods could be delivered at any time subject to the availability of shipping space.

合同所订货物如有舱位可随时装运。

8)    The property is sold and will be conveyed subject to the following conditions.

该财产须按下列条款出售和转让。

9)    The purchaser shall have the full power, subject to the provisions hereinafter contained, at any time during the contract to issue instructions the contractor so as to alter, amend, omit, or add to any of the project services.

购买方享有充分权利在合同有效期间的任何时候向承包方发出指令,以对任何工程服务项目进行修改、补充、删减或增加,但在行使该权利的同时,购买方必须遵守本章下述条款。

    “subject to”有时也可接动名词:

10)Promotion is automatic subject to passing internal examinations.

只要通过内部考核,员工可自动升迁。

        “be subject to” 还可表示“易受……”,“可能……的”,用以说明主语的特性。例如:

11)This kind of glassware is subject to breakage during transit.

这种玻璃器皿在运输途中易受破损。

12)The schedule is subject to change without notice.

本时间表可随时更改,不另行通知。

1.4 Responsible for/Responsibility与 Liable for/Liability

上面这组词,如译成汉语,都可译成“对……负责”,或“责任”,但如果是汉译英的话,就可能造成混乱了。事实上,这两个词(组)是有区别的,它们意思相近,但侧重点不同。根据 Collins Business English Dictionary的释义,“responsible”有两个基本含义:一是“in charge of(对……负责,即享有权威,享有安排和督促有关事宜进行的职责)”,比如:You will be responsible for the conduct of the new sales campaign. (这次促销由你负责)二是“capable of being blamed(可能引咎受罚或遭到谴责)”,比如:If anything goes wrong, you will be held responsible.(事情如有差错,将由你负责)而“liable”则是指“being legally responsible for loss, damage, debts, etc.(对……丢失、损坏、债务等承担法律上的责任)”。由此看来,“responsible”一词适应的范围更大,并侧重“道义”上的责任;而“liable”则强调与“loss, damage, debts ”等有关的“法律”责任,换言之,事情如有差错,当事人须负赔偿或刑事责任。试看下面一些例子:

1)    Party A shall be responsible for the completeness, correctness and legibility of the product design drawings and manufacturing Technical Documentation sent to Party B.

甲方提供给乙方的产品设计图纸和制造技术材料的完整性、正确性、清晰性负责

1)She is responsible for making sure orders are processed on time.

她负责安排生产,以确保如期完成定单。

    3)The pilot of the plane is responsible for the passengers’safety.

   飞行驾驶员对乘客安全负有责任

4) The carrier shall not be liable loss or damage arising or resulting from defects not discoverable though the carrier has exercised due diligence as aforesaid.

   承运人前款规定已经谨慎处理后仍不能发现的由货物本身缺陷所造成的货物灭失或损坏免除责任 

5) The company shall be liable for total or partial loss of the insured goods caused in the course of transit by natural calamities—heavy weather, lighting, floating ice, seaquake, earthquake, flood, etc. or by accidents-grounding, stranding, sinking, collision or derailment of the carrying conveyance, fire, explosion and falling of entire package or packages of the insured goods into sea during loading or discharge, etc..

       本公司负责赔偿被保险货物在运输途中由于遭受暴风、雷电、流冰、海啸、地震、洪水等自然灾害或由于运输工具搁浅、触礁、沉没、碰撞、出轨、失火和爆炸以及在装卸过程中整件货物落海等以外事故而造成的全部或部分损失

    6)The seller shall not be liable for any claims unless they are made promptly after receipt of the goods and due opportunity has been given for investigation by the seller’s own representatives.

       除非买方收到货物即刻提出索赔,并给予卖方的代表有调查的相当机会,否则卖方对于索赔不予负责

    7)In all circumstances, the carrier shall be discharged from all liabilities in respect of loss or damage unless suit is brought within
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